Measurements, Statistics, and Appraisal

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Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Support your answer with peer-reviewed articles.

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Solution

Measurements, Statistics, and Appraisal

A research process is defined as an inquiry, investigation, or experimentation targeted at identifying and interpreting new facts, revision of accepted theories upon the emergence of new facts and practical applications (Webster, Lewis, & Brown, 2013). Independent variables are variables intentionally changed to observe their effects on the dependent variable. These are the ones that are more or less controlled. On the other hand, dependent variables are not controlled or manipulated in any way but are measured or registered (Webster, Lewis, & Brown, 2013). A change recorded by an independent variable gives rise to a subsequent change by dependent variables. Extraneous variables are variables not intentionally studied but have an effect on the study in some way. Examples of extraneous variables include a test on alcohol, driving performance, weather, distractions, road condition, driving experience. Extraneous variables pose an impeccable challenge to the external and internal validity of an experiment.

Techniques Researchers Use to Attempt to Control Extraneous Variables

Randomization

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Randomization is a statistical procedure by which research participants are assigned to study or control groups. Furthermore, the groups receive a therapeutic procedure, experiment preventive, or intervention. This means that a researcher has a way of eliminating bias and allow for comparability by matching (Kang, Peck, & Keele, 2016). Randomization depicts highly comparable scenarios where researchers can compare, unlike elements without any chance of biased individuals’ selection into groups. Every individual in a control group gets an equal chance of being selected.

Use of Experimental Design

An experimental design is the organization of participants into the research conditions. The experimental design contributes significantly to reducing or completely alleviating the effects of an extraneous variable (Kang, Peck, & Keele, 2016). Moreover, the design control utilizes manipulation to understand the causal process. Several variables are manipulated to establish their impacts on a dependent variable. It also ensures results are valid, easily interpreted, and definitive.

References

Kang, H., Peck, L., & Keele, L. (2016). Inference for instrumental variables: a randomization inference approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.04146.

Webster, S., Lewis, J., & Brown, A. (2013). Considerations in qualitative research. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, 77.

Question

Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Support your answer with peer-reviewed articles.

Related FAQs

1. What does measure mean in research?

Measurement means quantitative description of data. It is the act or the process of ascertaining the extent or quantity of something. 1. Encyclopedia of Educational Research: To measure means to observe or determine the magnitude of variate; evaluation means assessment or appraisal.

2. What is the difference between measurement and evaluation in research?

To measure means to observe or determine the magnitude of variate; evaluation means assessment or appraisal. 2. James M. Bradfield: Measurement is the process of assigning symbols to dimensions of phenomenon in order to characterise the status of a phenomenon as precisely as possible.

3. What is the difference between measurement and assessment?

Measurement involves collecting specific information about an object or event and it typically results in the assignment of a number to that observation. Assessment is a broader term that refers to an appraisal or judgment about a situation or a scenario.

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