Reflection on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Health behaviour theories offer guidance on designing and evaluating interventions for modifiable health issues like obesity, alcoholism, and recreational drug use. 

Research in health behaviour demonstrates that the most effective evidence-based interventions are driven by theory and focused on behaviour (Tremain et al., 2018). 

Consequently, it is imperative to examine how the constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TRB) may be utilized in the development of goals and objectives.

The Constructs of  Theory of Reasoned Action 

The  Theory of Reasoned Action is premised on the logic that human behaviour is under volitional control, with individuals having the capacity to execute the desired behaviour any time they are ready and willing to do so. Fishbein and Azjen proposed this model in the mid-1970s with its two constructs: behaviour beliefs and attitudes towards the behaviour (Hager, 2019). It comprises behaviour, intention to perform the behaviour, attitudes, subjective norms, and external variables. 

Theory of Planned Behavior (TRB)

On the other hand, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TRB) is an extension of TRA but incorporates three primary constructs contributing to behavioural intention (Heckman & Knowlden, 2014). These constructs are motivation (intention) and ability (behavioural control). It differentiates behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs.

How A Nurse Researcher May Use the Constructs of TRA and TRB to Develop Goals and Objectives

Arvelo and Brown (2019) note that TRA has helped many researchers understand personal factors and behavioural and environmental factors connected to modifiable health promotion and disease prevention practices like physical activity and behaviour. As such, a nurse should have the disposition to use the combined constructs of TRA and TRB to develop the goals and objectives of the proposed intervention. For example, obesity is a primary chronic condition that affects people of all ages. Excess adipose tissue is linked to several health problems that are common causes of mortality. Therefore, using TRA and TRB constructs could help develop health goals and specific, attainable objectives through physical activities, exercises, and healthy nutritional intake.

Why the Nurse Should Take Into Account These Constructs

The nurse in context should understand attitudes as positive or negative feelings about goals attainment and objectives achievements. Similarly, subjective norms should represent an individual’s perception related to reaching the desired product’s goals. The TPB subconcept of control beliefs should be incorporated in goals and objectives development since the approximated probability of every specific factor has the potential to either facilitate or impede the successful implementation of behavior

The development and implementation of multi-component theory – base interventions like TRA and TRB may help mediate health behaviours and modify them. The general effect of successful implementation of theory-based interventions would reduce unhealthy behaviours like obesity. The net result would be improved quality of life and prolonged, healthier lives.

Sources

Arevalo, M., & Brown, L. D. (2019). Using a reasoned action approach to identify determinants of organized exercise among Hispanics: a mixed-methods study. BMC public health, 19(1), 1-10.

Hackman, C. L., & Knowlden, A. P. (2014). Theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior-based dietary interventions in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review. Adolescent health, medicine, and therapeutics, 5, 101.

Hagger, M. S. (2019). The reasoned action approach and the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior.

Tremain, D., Freund, M., Wolfenden, L., Wye, P., Bowman, J., Dunlop, A., … & Wiggers, J. (2017). Modifiable health risk behaviours and attitudes towards behaviour change of clients attending community‐based substance use treatment services. Drug and alcohol review, 36(3), 369-377.